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For more information about how to run Windows Update, see How to get an update through Windows Update. We recommend that you install the latest monthly rollups for Windows Server and Windows Server R2 as it fixes some reliability issues that are related to KB If you install the monthly rollups, the following steps as part of WSUS post installation tasks are required:. Open an elevated Command Prompt window, and then run the following command case sensitive, assume "C" as the system volume :.
The English United States version of this software update installs files that have the attributes that are listed in the following tables. GDR service branches contain only those fixes that are widely released to address widespread, critical issues. LDR service branches contain hotfixes in addition to widely released fixes. The security catalog files, for which the attributes are not listed, are signed with a Microsoft digital signature.
Learn about the terminology that Microsoft uses to describe software updates. Version Product Milestone Service branch 6. Need more help? Expand your skills. New features of Windows Server R2 include: [51]. On July 13, , Windows Server 's mainstream support expired and the extended support phase began. During the extended support phase, Microsoft continued to provide security updates; however, free technical support, warranty claims, and design changes are no longer being offered.
Although Windows Server is unsupported, Microsoft released an emergency security patch in May for the OS as well as other unsupported versions of Windows including Windows Vista and Windows 7 RTM without a service pack , to address a vulnerability that was being leveraged by the WannaCry ransomware attack. Anonymous users from managed to compile the Windows Server source code, as well as a Twitter user who posted videos of the process on YouTube proving that the code was genuine, [57] but was removed from the platform on copyright grounds by Microsoft.
The leak was incomplete as it was missing the Winlogon source code and some other components. Microsoft issued a statement stating that it was investigating the leaks. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Server operating system by Microsoft released in This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page.
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Retrieved November 6, Retrieved 19 June San Francisco : Microsoft. Retrieved 1 April Channel 9. CBS Interactive. Retrieved 16 August Archived from the original on February 24, Archived from the original on January 2, January 14, Archived from the original on November 18, Retrieved May 13, Archived from the original on 19 April Managing and maintaining a Microsoft Windows Server environment. Redmond, WA : Microsoft Press. ISBN Retrieved November 22, April 25, Retrieved September 10, IT Pro.
Archived from the original on April 4, Retrieved September 2, Retrieved It accepts and queues email messages for remote destinations, and it retries at set intervals.
Windows domain controllers use the SMTP service for intersite e-mail-based replication. SNMP Service includes agents that monitor activity in network devices and report to the network console workstation. SNMP Service provides a method of managing network hosts such as workstation or server computers, routers, bridges, and hubs from a centrally located computer that is running network management software.
SNMP performs management services by using a distributed architecture of management systems and agents. These messages are sent to a trap destination. For example, an agent can be configured to start an authentication trap if an unrecognized management system sends a request for information. The trap destination must be a network-enabled host that is running SNMP management software. SSDP Discovery Service manages receipt of device presence announcements, updates its cache, and sends these notifications to clients that have outstanding search requests.
The registered event callbacks are then turned into subscription requests. SSDP Discovery Service then monitors for event notifications and sends these requests to the registered callbacks. This system service also provides periodic announcements to hosted devices.
A Telnet server supports two kinds of authentication and supports the following kinds of terminals:. Terminal Services provides a multi-session environment that enables client devices to access a virtual Windows desktop session and Windows-based programs that are running on the server.
Terminal Services enables multiple users to be connected interactively to a computer. The Terminal Services Licensing system service installs a license server and provides licenses to registered clients when the clients connect to a terminal server a server that has Terminal Server enabled. Terminal Services Licensing is a low-impact service that stores the client licenses that are issued for a terminal server and tracks the licenses that are issued to client computers or terminals.
The Terminal Services Session Directory system service enables clusters of load-balanced terminal servers to correctly route a user's connection request to the server where the user already has a session running. Users are routed to the first-available terminal server regardless of whether they are running another session in the server cluster. You can use this service together with a cluster of terminal servers to increase the performance of a single terminal server by distributing sessions across multiple servers.
Terminal Services Session Directory keeps track of disconnected sessions on the cluster and makes sure that users are reconnected to those sessions. Therefore, when you enable this port, the TFTP service receives incoming TFTP requests, but it does not let the selected server respond to those requests. The service is free to respond to any such request from any source port, and the remote client then uses that port during the transfer.
Communication is bidirectional. If you have to enable this protocol through a firewall, you may want to open UDP port 69 incoming. You can then rely on other firewall features that dynamically let the service respond through temporary holes on any other port. The UPnP Device Host discovery system service implements all the components that are required for device registration, control, and the response to events for hosted devices. The information that is registered that relates to a device, such as the description, the lifetimes, and the containers, are optionally stored to disk and are announced on the network after registration or when the operating system restarts.
The service also includes the web server that serves the device in addition to service descriptions and a presentation page. WINS servers are required unless all domains have been upgraded to the Active Directory directory service and unless all computers on the network are running Windows or later versions.
Windows Media Services in Windows Server and later versions replaces the following services that are included in Windows Media Services versions 4. Windows Media Services is now a single service that runs on Windows Server. Its core components were developed by using COM, and it has a flexible architecture that you can customize for specific programs.
Windows Media Services supports a larger variety of control protocols. The Windows Time system service maintains date and time synchronization on all the computers on a network that are running Windows XP or later versions and Windows Server or later versions.
This service uses Network Time Protocol NTP to synchronize computer clocks so that an accurate clock value, or time stamp, is assigned for network validation and for resource access requests.
The implementation of NTP and the integration of time providers help make Windows Time a reliable and scalable time service for your business. For computers that are not joined to a domain, you can configure Windows Time to synchronize time with an external time source. If this service is turned off, the time setting for local computers is not synchronized with a time service in the Windows domain or with an externally configured time service.
Windows Server uses NTP. When the Windows Time service uses a Windows domain configuration, the service requires domain controller location and authentication services. Therefore, the ports for Kerberos and DNS are required. World Wide Web Publishing Service provides the infrastructure that you must have to register, manage, monitor, and serve websites and programs that are registered with IIS. This system service contains a process manager and a configuration manager.
The process manager controls the processes where custom applications and websites reside. The configuration manager reads the stored system configuration for World Wide Web Publishing Service and makes sure that Http. The following table summarizes the information from the System services ports section. This table is sorted by port number instead of by service name. Port is only used on a Windows Server domain controller or a Windows Server R2 domain controller; it is not used on a Windows Server domain controller.
Port is used by DFSR only when creating a new empty replicated folder. Microsoft provides part of the information that is in this table in a Microsoft Excel worksheet. This worksheet is available for download from the Microsoft Download Center. Application servers, client computers, and domain controllers that are located in common or external forests have service dependencies so that user-initiated and computer-initiated operations such as domain join, logon authentication, remote administration, and Active Directory replication work correctly.
Such services and operations require network connectivity over specific port and networking protocols. A summarized list of services, ports, and protocols required for member computers and domain controllers to inter-operate with one another or for application servers to access Active Directory include but are not limited to the following.
The Help files for each Microsoft product that is described in this article contain more information that you may find useful to help configure your programs. For information about Active Directory Domain Services firewalls and ports, see How to configure a firewall for Active Directory domains and trusts. For more information about how to help secure Windows Server and for sample IPsec filters for specific server roles, see Microsoft Security Compliance Manager.
This tool aggregates all previous security recommendations and security documentation into a single utility for all support Microsoft operating systems:. For more information about operating system services, security settings, and IPsec filtering, see one of the following Threats and Countermeasures Guides:. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority coordinates the use of well-known ports. For more information about how to configure RPC to work with a firewall, see How to configure RPC dynamic port allocation to work with firewalls.
For more information about how to restrict Active Directory replication and client logon traffic, see Restricting Active Directory replication traffic and client RPC traffic to a specific port. For information about ports, authentication, and encryption for all data paths that are used by Microsoft Exchange Server, see Network ports for clients and mail flow in Exchange.
There may be additional things to consider for your particular environment. You can receive more information and help planning an Exchange implementation from the following Microsoft websites:. For more information, see Configure Outlook Anywhere in Outlook To use Dfsrdiag. If no member is specified, Dfsrdiag.
For information about ports in IIS 6. For more information about how to configure the port that is used by Terminal Services, see Change the listening port for Remote Desktop on your computer. Skip to main content. This browser is no longer supported.
Download Microsoft Edge More info. Table of contents Exit focus mode. Table of contents. Important This article contains several references to the default dynamic port range. In Windows Server and later versions, and in Windows Vista and later versions, the default dynamic port range changed to the following range: Start port: End port: Windows , Windows XP, and Windows Server use the following dynamic port range: Start port: End port: What this means for you: If your computer network environment uses only Windows Server or a later version of Windows, you must enable connectivity over the high port range of through If your computer network environment uses Windows Server together with versions of Windows earlier than Windows Server and Windows Vista, you must enable connectivity over both the following port ranges: High port range through Low port range through If your computer network environment uses only versions of Windows earlier than Windows Server and Windows Vista, you must enable connectivity over the low port range of through
Windows server 2012 r2 standard service pack free -
Contact your Microsoft reseller or account team for more details. If they licensed 8 cores for SQL Server on-premises and use Software Assurance benefits to have a secondary passive server i. Customers can then apply updates to their production workload on-premises and the secondary passive server i. Azure Hybrid Benefit — hybrid cloud Microsoft Azure. However, they can move their workloads to Azure and get Extended Security Updates for no additional charge above the cost of using the Azure service.
Customers with Software Assurance through other enrolments e. Pricing for Extended Security Updates will follow the current licence model for the server.
For example, Windows Server is licensed by core and is required for all physical cores on each server. Customers cannot buy partial periods e. EA and Extended Security Updates must overlap for at least one month at the beginning of each year of Extended Security Updates coverage. Customers must have active Software Assurance coverage or subscription licences for at least one month at the start of each coverage period in order to be eligible for Extended Security Updates in that period.
If customers purchase Extended Security Updates while Software Assurance is active, but Software Assurance lapses before the Extended Security Update coverage period begins, customers will not be able to receive updates. Extended Security Updates are available annually, for a fixed month period. If a customer purchases Extended Security Updates in month 10 of the month period, that customer would still need to purchase the full 12 months.
Customers must have purchased coverage for year 1 of Extended Security Updates in order to buy year 2, and coverage in year 2 in order to buy year 3. Customers may buy coverage for previous years at the same time as they buy coverage for a current period. It is not necessary to buy a certain period of coverage within that coverage period. Premier Support is not a base requirement, but an additional support contract is recommended if technical support will be required. Yes, customers must have active Software Assurance or equivalent subscription licences for CALs and External Connector licences permitting access to servers with active Extended Security Updates coverage.
Core licences are sold in packs of two a 2-pack of Core Licences , and packs of 16 a pack of Core Licences. Each processor needs to be licenced with a minimum of eight cores four 2-packs of Core Licences. Each physical server, including single-processor servers, will need to be licensed with a minimum of 16 Core Licences eight 2-packs of Core Licences or one pack of Core Licences. Additional cores can then be licensed in increments of two cores one 2-pack of Core Licences for servers with core densities higher than 8.
Customers cannot license individual Windows Server virtual machines. They must license the full physical server. Licensing requirements for Extended Security Updates for on-premises align to the licensing requirements for the underlying Software Assurance coverage or subscription.
Customers will only need to know their Windows Server licence position for a given server, to know how many Extended Security Update licences they need. Customers who have covered all the underlying cores of the physical server with Windows Server Datacentre licences should buy Extended Security Updates for the number of physical cores, irrespective of the number of VMs running on that physical server.
Customers who have covered all the underlying cores of the physical server with Windows Server Standard licences should buy Extended Security Updates for the number of physical cores, but will only be licensed to run and update two virtual machines on the server.
Customers who wish to run and update more than two virtual machines on a server licensed with Windows Server Standard must re-license all of the physical cores on the server with both Windows Server Standard and Extended Security Updates for each additional pair of virtual machines. Microsoft will only produce updates which can be applied on the latest Service Pack.
For customers who do not have Software Assurance, the alternative option to get access to Extended Security Updates is to migrate to Azure. For variable workloads, we recommend that customers migrate to Azure via Pay-As-You-Go, which allows for scaling up or down at any time. For predictable workloads, we recommend that customers migrate to Azure via Server Subscription and Reserved Instances.
Licences and Software Assurance do not need to be on the same agreement. However, we recommend customers complete migration before the End of Support date so that they do not miss any Extended Security Updates. If customers miss a year of Extended Security Updates coverage, they may buy coverage for previous years at the same time that they buy coverage for a current period.
Yes, customers can start a new , R2, or R2 instance on Azure and have access to Extended Security Updates. Customers who purchase Extended Security Updates for production servers may also apply those security updates to servers licensed under Visual Studio MSDN subscriptions at no additional cost.
There is no limit to the number of MSDN servers a customer can cover. Yes, Premium Assurance is no longer available, but we will honour the terms of Premium Assurance for customers who already purchased it. Software Assurance is required as a pre-requisite to Extended Security Updates. Extended Security Updates coverage is not required to be co-terminus with Software Assurance coverage, but customers must have at least one month of qualifying Software Assurance coverage remaining at the time a given year of Extended Security Updates coverage is purchased.
If they migrate to Azure, however, they can get support using their Azure Support Plan. When customers have purchased Extended Security Updates and have an existing support plan:. Scenario: Customer can open a support ticket Response: Yes. Scenario: Support Team will work to troubleshoot customer issue Response: Yes. Scenario: Support Team will do a root cause analysis Response: No. This programme covers only the named product and the components that were shipped with it. Unless explicitly stated, the scope of this programme does not extend to any other products or tools that the customer may be running on or with the covered product.
No, customers must purchase Extended Security Updates separately. The cost of Extended Security Updates is not included in the price calculation of the Unified Support agreement. On-site or proactive support will only be available to a customer if it is part of their Unified Support agreement.
Yes, organisations which have purchased Extended Security Updates can submit support incidents using any Microsoft Support offering, including Unified and Premier Support.
Official mainstream support for Windows Server and R2 ended on January 13, , and extended support ended on January 14, Two days later, the beta was released to the public via the Microsoft Download Center. According to Windows Server Blog , [18] the following are the dates of the year when Microsoft Windows Server R2 has been made available to various distribution channels:. Additionally, qualifying students have been able to download Windows Server R2 Standard edition in 15 languages from the Microsoft Imagine program known as DreamSpark at the time.
Microsoft has announced that Server R2 will be the last version of Windows supporting the Itanium architecture, with its extended support ending earlier than for the regular non-Itanium edition or "until July 10, A reviewer guide published by the company describes several areas of improvement in R2.
IIS 7. Since many zones use a different algorithm — including the root zone — this means that in reality Windows still can't serve as a recursive resolver. The DHCP server runs in the context of the Network Service account which has fewer privileges to reduce potential damage if compromised. Windows Server R2 supports up to 64 physical processors [26] or up to logical processors per system.
Only the Datacenter and Itanium editions can take advantage of the capability of 64 physical processors. Enterprise, the next-highest edition after those two, can only use 8. Server Core includes a subset of the. When raising the forest functional level, the Active Directory recycle bin feature is available and can be enabled using the Active Directory Module for PowerShell. Support for the RTM version of Windows Server R2 ended on April 9, , [9] [10] and users will not be able to receive further security updates for the operating system, due to new policies requiring Service Pack 1 [31] to continue to be supported with security updates, lasting until the end of support lifecycle for that Windows operating system.
The host without the latest Windows Server R2 service pack installed is vulnerable to viruses and multiple security attacks. On January 13, , Windows Server R2 exited mainstream support and entered the extended support phase; Microsoft continued to provide security updates every month for Windows Server R2, however, free technical support, warranty claims, and design changes were no longer being offered.
Extended support ended on January 14, , about less than eleven years after the release of Windows Server R2. In August , researchers reported that "all modern versions of Microsoft Windows" may be at risk for "critical" system compromise due to design flaws of hardware device drivers from multiple providers.
Dynamic Memory makes it possible for a VM to only allocate as much physical RAM as is needed temporarily for its execution. System requirements for Windows Server R2 are as follows: [37]. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Server operating system by Microsoft released in Screenshot of Windows Server R2 showing the Server Manager application which is automatically opened when an administrator logs on.
Many services depend on the RPC service to start successfully. By default, this service is turned off. The Remote Storage Notification system service notifies users when they read from or write to files that are available only from a secondary storage media.
Stopping this service prevents this notification. The Remote Storage system service stores infrequently used files on a secondary storage medium. If you stop this service, users cannot move or retrieve files from the secondary storage media. Although the Routing and Remote Access service can use all the following protocols, the service typically uses only a few of them. For example, if you configure a VPN gateway that is behind a filtering router, you will probably use only one protocol.
For more information about this, see the References section. The Server system service provides RPC support and file sharing, print sharing, and named pipe sharing over the network. The Server service lets users share local resources, such as disks and printers, so that other users on the network can access them.
It also enables named pipe communication between programs that are running on the local computer and on other computers. Named pipe communication is memory that is reserved for the output of one process to be used as input for another process. The input-accepting process does not have to be local to the computer. Preloaded Lmhosts entries will bypass the DNS resolver. Windows and newer clients can work over port The SharePoint Portal Server system service lets you develop an intelligent portal that seamlessly connects users, teams, and knowledge.
It helps people take advantage of relevant information across business processes. Microsoft SharePoint Portal Server provides an enterprise business solution that integrates information from various systems into one solution through single sign-on and enterprise application integration capabilities. It accepts and queues email messages for remote destinations, and it retries at set intervals. Windows domain controllers use the SMTP service for intersite e-mail-based replication.
SNMP Service includes agents that monitor activity in network devices and report to the network console workstation. SNMP Service provides a method of managing network hosts such as workstation or server computers, routers, bridges, and hubs from a centrally located computer that is running network management software.
SNMP performs management services by using a distributed architecture of management systems and agents. These messages are sent to a trap destination. For example, an agent can be configured to start an authentication trap if an unrecognized management system sends a request for information.
The trap destination must be a network-enabled host that is running SNMP management software. SSDP Discovery Service manages receipt of device presence announcements, updates its cache, and sends these notifications to clients that have outstanding search requests. The registered event callbacks are then turned into subscription requests. SSDP Discovery Service then monitors for event notifications and sends these requests to the registered callbacks.
This system service also provides periodic announcements to hosted devices. A Telnet server supports two kinds of authentication and supports the following kinds of terminals:. Terminal Services provides a multi-session environment that enables client devices to access a virtual Windows desktop session and Windows-based programs that are running on the server. Terminal Services enables multiple users to be connected interactively to a computer. The Terminal Services Licensing system service installs a license server and provides licenses to registered clients when the clients connect to a terminal server a server that has Terminal Server enabled.
Terminal Services Licensing is a low-impact service that stores the client licenses that are issued for a terminal server and tracks the licenses that are issued to client computers or terminals. The Terminal Services Session Directory system service enables clusters of load-balanced terminal servers to correctly route a user's connection request to the server where the user already has a session running.
Users are routed to the first-available terminal server regardless of whether they are running another session in the server cluster. You can use this service together with a cluster of terminal servers to increase the performance of a single terminal server by distributing sessions across multiple servers. Terminal Services Session Directory keeps track of disconnected sessions on the cluster and makes sure that users are reconnected to those sessions.
Therefore, when you enable this port, the TFTP service receives incoming TFTP requests, but it does not let the selected server respond to those requests. The service is free to respond to any such request from any source port, and the remote client then uses that port during the transfer. Communication is bidirectional. If you have to enable this protocol through a firewall, you may want to open UDP port 69 incoming. You can then rely on other firewall features that dynamically let the service respond through temporary holes on any other port.
The UPnP Device Host discovery system service implements all the components that are required for device registration, control, and the response to events for hosted devices. The information that is registered that relates to a device, such as the description, the lifetimes, and the containers, are optionally stored to disk and are announced on the network after registration or when the operating system restarts. The service also includes the web server that serves the device in addition to service descriptions and a presentation page.
WINS servers are required unless all domains have been upgraded to the Active Directory directory service and unless all computers on the network are running Windows or later versions.
Windows Media Services in Windows Server and later versions replaces the following services that are included in Windows Media Services versions 4. Windows Media Services is now a single service that runs on Windows Server. Its core components were developed by using COM, and it has a flexible architecture that you can customize for specific programs. Windows Media Services supports a larger variety of control protocols.
The Windows Time system service maintains date and time synchronization on all the computers on a network that are running Windows XP or later versions and Windows Server or later versions.
This service uses Network Time Protocol NTP to synchronize computer clocks so that an accurate clock value, or time stamp, is assigned for network validation and for resource access requests. The implementation of NTP and the integration of time providers help make Windows Time a reliable and scalable time service for your business. For computers that are not joined to a domain, you can configure Windows Time to synchronize time with an external time source.
If this service is turned off, the time setting for local computers is not synchronized with a time service in the Windows domain or with an externally configured time service. Windows Server uses NTP. To help ensure consistent and predictable restart behavior for all devices and computers in your enterprise, including those that run Windows 8 and Windows Server , see Microsoft KB article or see October cumulative rollup , then configure policy settings described in the WSUS blog post Enabling a more predictable Windows Update experience for Windows 8 and Windows Server KB The following table summarizes new features for AD DS in Windows Server R2, with a link to more detailed information where it is available.
For a more detailed explanation of some features, including their requirements, see What's New in Active Directory in Windows Server R2. The following table summarizes the new features for AD DS in Windows Server , with a link to more detailed information where it is available.
To help ensure consistent and predictable restart behavior for all devices and computers in your enterprise, including those that run Windows 8 and Windows Server , you can configure the following Group Policy settings:. The following table lists some examples of how to configure these settings to provide desired restart behavior.
Error conditions can be corrected to eliminate concerns from a partially complete upgrade. The wizard also exports a Windows PowerShell script that contains all the options that were specified during the graphical installation. Taken together, the AD DS installation changes simplify the DC role installation process and reduce the likelihood of administrative errors, especially when you are deploying multiple domain controllers across global regions and domains.
For administrators that want to control the introduction of schema changes in an Active Directory forest independent of the installation of Windows Server DCs in an existing forest, Adprep. Beginning with Windows Server , domain controllers also have the following secure default settings, compared to domain controllers that run Windows Server or Windows For more information about system requirements and pre-installation information, see Installing Windows Server There are no additional system requirements to install a new Active Directory forest, but you should add sufficient memory to cache the contents of Active Directory database in order to improve performance for domain controllers, LDAP client requests, and Active Directory-enabled applications.
If you are upgrading an existing domain controller or adding a new domain controller to an existing forest, review the next section to ensure the server meets disk space requirements. This section covers disk space requirements only for upgrading domain controllers from Windows Server or Windows Server R2. For more information about disk space requirements for upgrading domain controllers to earlier versions of Windows Server, see Disk space requirements for upgrading to Windows Server or Disk space requirements for upgrading to Windows Server R2.
Size the disk that hosts the Active Directory database and log files in order to accommodate the custom and application-driven schema extensions, application and administrator-initiated indexes, plus space for the objects and attributes that you will be added to the directory over deployment life of the domain controller typically 5 to 8 years.
Right sizing at deployment time is typically a good investment compared to greater touch costs required to expand disk storage after deployment. On domain controllers that you plan to upgrade, make sure that the drive that hosts the Active Directory database NTDS. DIT file before you begin the operating system upgrade. If there is insufficient free disk space on the volume, the upgrade can fail and the upgrade compatibility report returns an error indicating insufficient free disk space:.
In this case, you can try an offline defragmentation of the Active Directory database to recapture additional space, and then retry the upgrade. In previous releases, Windows Server editions differed in their support of server roles, processor counts and large memory support. The Standard and Datacenter editions of Windows Server support all features and underlying hardware but vary in their virtualization rights - two virtual instances are allowed for Standard edition and unlimited virtual instances are allowed for Datacenter edition.
The following Windows client and Windows Server operating systems are supported for domain member computers with domain controllers that run Windows Server or later:. You cannot upgrade domain controllers that run Windows Server or bit versions of Windows Server To replace them, install domain controllers that run a later version of Windows Server in the domain, and then remove the domain controllers that Windows Server Note that you cannot convert a domain controller that runs an evaluation version of Windows Server directly to a retail version.
Instead, install an additional domain controller on a server that runs a retail version and remove AD DS from the domain controller that runs on the evaluation version. Due to a known issue, you cannot upgrade a domain controller that runs a Server Core installation of Windows Server R2 to a Server Core installation of Windows Server The upgrade will hang on a solid black screen late in the upgrade process. Rebooting such DCs exposes an option in boot.
An additional reboot triggers the automatic rollback to the previous operating system version. Until a solution is available, it is recommended that you install a new domain controller running a Server Core installation of Windows Server instead of in-place upgrading an existing domain controller that runs a Server Core installation of Windows Server R2.
For more information, see KB article Windows Server requires a Windows Server forest functional level. That is, before you can add a domain controller that runs Windows Server to an existing Active Directory forest, the forest functional level must be Windows Server or higher. This means that domain controllers that run Windows Server R2, Windows Server , or Windows Server can operate in the same forest, but domain controllers that run Windows Server are not supported and will block installation of a domain controller that runs Windows Server
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